Effect of testosterone on the female anterior cruciate ligament.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) result in immediate and long-term morbidity and expense. Young women are more likely to sustain ACL injuries than men who participate in similar athletic and military activities. Although significant attention has focused on the role that female sex hormones may play in this disparity, it is still unclear whether the female ACL also responds to androgens. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the female ACL was an androgen-responsive tissue. To identify and localize androgen receptors in the female ACL, we used Western blotting and immunofluorescent labeling, respectively, of ACL tissue harvested during surgery from young women (n = 3). We then measured ACL stiffness and assessed total testosterone (T) and free [free androgen index (FAI)] testosterone concentrations, as well as relative estradiol to testosterone ratios (E(2)/T and E(2)/FAI) at three consecutive menstrual stages (n = 20). There were significant rank-order correlations between T (0.48, P = 0.031), FAI (0.44, P = 0.053), E(2)/T (-0.71, P < 0.001), E(2)/FAI (-0.63, P = 0.003), and ACL stiffness near ovulation. With the influences of the other variables controlled, there were significant negative partial rank-order correlations between ACL stiffness and E(2)/T (-0.72, P < 0.001) and E(2)/FAI (-0.59, P = 0.012). The partial order residuals for T and FAI were not significant. These findings suggest that the female ACL is an androgen-responsive tissue but that T and FAI are not independent predictors of ACL stiffness near ovulation. Instead, the relationship between T, FAI, and ACL stiffness was likely influenced by another hormone or sex hormone binding globulin.
منابع مشابه
Comparison the Effect Plyometric Exercises with and without Stretching Exercises on Dynamic Knee Valgus, Flexibility and Functional Factors on Female Elite Taekwondo Athletes Exposed to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
The prevalence of sports injuries in martial arts is high. Most Taekwondo injuries also occur in the lower extremities. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of a period of plyometric exercises, with and without stretching exercises, on knee valgus dynamics, flexibility and functional variables of elite female taekwondo athletes at risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. 45 elite...
متن کاملComparison the effect of comprehensive exercises of anterior cruciate ligament lnjury prevention along with feedback on knee function
The most common side effect of physical activity is the risk of musculoskeletal damage, that anterior cruciate ligament injury is the most common one. Purpose of the study is comparing the effect of six weeks of comprehensive injury prevention training on anterior cruciate ligament with internal and external feedback on the proprioception and knee function of active female university students. ...
متن کاملEffect of Custom Molded Functional Brace on Balance in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tearing
Background & Aims: Knee joint is a complex structure and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most common injuries of it. Anterior cruciate ligament, because of its proprioceptive function, has an important role in balance control and its tearing may tend to balance control deficiency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of functional brace on the balance in p...
متن کاملEffect of Fatigue on Ground Reaction Force Variables During Single-leg Landing in Athletes With the History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Introduction: Since people experience fatigue after anterior cruciate ligament injury during exercises, it is important to understand how fatigue affects the biomechanical movement patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on ground reaction force variables during single-leg landing in athletes with a history of an anterior cruciate ligament spr...
متن کاملTRANSLATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY Effect of testosterone on the female anterior cruciate ligament
Lovering, Richard M., and William A. Romani. Effect of testosterone on the female anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289: R15–R22, 2005. First published March 24, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00829.2004.—Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) result in immediate and long-term morbidity and expense. Young women are more likely to sustain ACL injuries than m...
متن کاملThe Effect of Prehabilitation on the Self-Reported Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review Running Title:
Background and Purpose: Quadriceps weakness and disruption of proprioceptive function are common after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and consequently the surgery. Postoperative self-reported outcomes are affected by the preoperative defect. The purpose of this review study was to examine whether preoperative exercises can affect self-reported outcomes. Methods: The study started sear...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology
دوره 289 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005